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Besmele — the first sentence in the Qur’an, “In the name of God, the compassionate, the merciful”
Divit — portable inkwell and penholder
Ebru — Turkish marbled paper
Halkari — “liquid gold work”; a type of illumination
Hat — calligraphy
Hattat — calligrapher
Hilye — a levha composed of a text describing the Prophet Muhammad
Hokka — inkwell
Icazet — permission or authorization
Icazetname — document certifying the holder to practice as a professional
Istif — a composition in which the letters interlace
Kalem — reed pen
Kalip — stencil made by piercing the contours of a design with tiny holes; the design is
reproduced by placing the kalip over a fresh sheet of paper and pouncing it with
charcoal dust or chalk powder
Kit’a — small calligraphic work, generally horizontal or rectangular, and generally using
two scripts, one large and one small
Koltuk — “armpit”; rectangular or triangular spaces in kita’s, levhas, and hilyes that
allow for the arrangement of longer lines of a larger script with shorter lines of a
smaller script
Levha — calligraphic panel for large (celi) scripts
Lika — wad of raw silk used in an inkwell to absorb ink
Makta — pen-cutting slab
Mesk — lesson or practice work
Mufredat — The beginner’s first group of lessons, consisting of single letters and then letters in pairs. These lessons teach spontaneity, proportion, and shape.
Murakkaa — a calligraphic album
Murekkebat — These lessons follow the completion of the mufredat. They consist of texts, usually poems, by an old master such as Sevki Efendi. These lessons are models of how to assemble words and sentences.
Mushaf — the Qur’an in a single volume, or codex
Serlevha — symmetrical double page of illumination opening a Qur’an
Taklid — imitation as a method of education
Tezhib — the art of illumination
Zer-efsan — gold flecks
Zer-endud — painting in gold against a dark background
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